The Power of Physical Activity in Supporting Healing through Trauma

Trauma can deeply impact children, affecting how they think, feel, and interact with others. Research suggests that about 5% of children will experience trauma before they turn 18. Symptoms can range from nightmares and difficulty sleeping to avoiding reminders of the trauma and feeling constantly on edge. Adults may see their child overreact or have extreme behaviours in moments of distress, shows irritable or aggressive behaviours such as outbursts with little or no obvious provocation, loss of interest in play or social interactions or have persistent negative moods such as anger, fear, guilt, sadness, shame; as well as feelings of unreality or confusion. These challenges not only affect the child but also impact their families, friends, and educators. 

Understanding the science behind trauma helps us support children better. Studies show that traumatic experiences can physically change the brain. For instance, parts of the brain responsible for emotions and memory, like the amygdala and hippocampus, may be affected. This can lead to difficulties in regulating emotions, focusing, and processing memories.

One crucial area impacted by trauma is the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in decision-making and controlling emotions. Trauma can reduce its size and affect how it communicates with other parts of the brain. Additionally, trauma often disrupts the body's stress-response system, known as the HPA axis, leading to heightened stress levels and difficulties in calming down. This can persist even during sleep, leading to levels of wakefulness even as we rest which can lead to nightmares, restless sleep and difficulties falling asleep.

In the face of these challenges, physical activity emerges as a powerful tool for helping children heal. Beyond its obvious benefits for physical health, exercise has been shown to significantly improve mental and emotional well-being. Studies highlight that regular physical activity can enhance cognitive functions such as problem-solving and emotional resilience.

Researchers have found that physical activity can actually change how the brain functions in children. For example, exercise can improve the connections between different brain regions involved in emotion regulation and memory processing. This means that engaging in physical activities like running, dancing, or playing sports can help children better manage their emotions and memories related to trauma. Moreover, physical activity seems to lower the chances of developing PTSD after a traumatic event. The more children engage in active play the greater the benefits in terms of reduced trauma symptoms, improved mood, and better sleep.

These benefits are not just for older children and adolescents; they are crucial for younger children too, especially in early education settings. Early childhood educators play a vital role in creating environments that support physical activity. Activities that encourage movement and exploration not only build physical strength but also help children develop social skills and emotional resilience as well as supporting children at a neurobiological level to deal with traumatic events.

In Australia, guidelines recommend that children aged 1-5 years engage in at least 3 hours of physical activity daily. This emphasis on active play is not just about exercise; it's about sensory development, cognitive growth, overall developmental needs, social and emotional learning as well as supporting the brain itself.

By integrating physical activity into everyday routines, educators and families can provide an essential support to children affected by trauma. Whether it's through outdoor play, dancing, or yoga, these activities offer children a chance to express themselves, relieve stress, and build confidence. Ultimately, physical activity is more than just a way to keep children healthy; it's a fundamental part of trauma recovery. By understanding how movement impacts the brain, we can better equip children to navigate and overcome the effects of trauma. It is about empowering children with tools, like play and exercise, that promote resilience and long-term well-being.

When we proritise physical activity in trauma-informed education, we not only nurture children's physical health but also strengthen their emotional and cognitive development. This holistic approach not only helps children manage current symptoms but also sets them up for a healthier, more resilient future. By supporting children's natural inclination to move and play, we can harness the healing power of physical activity to foster a brighter outlook for children affected by trauma.

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